Labour rights play a crucial role in ensuring fair and just working conditions for employees. In Pakistan, as in many other countries, the struggle for comprehensive labour rights has been ongoing for decades. This article aims to provide an overview of the state of labour rights in Pakistan, highlighting progress, challenges, and potential areas for improvement.

Pakistan’s journey towards recognizing and safeguarding labour rights began with the inception of the country in 1947. The country inherited a legacy of exploitation and inadequate labour protection from the colonial era. Over the years, various governments have made efforts to reform labour laws and create an environment conducive to fair and equitable employment.

Pakistan has a comprehensive legal framework governing labour rights. Key legislations include the Factories Act, 1934, Industrial Relations Ordinance, 2002, and the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923, among others. These laws establish minimum standards for working conditions, wages, and benefits.

The government periodically revises the minimum wage to keep up with inflation and ensure a decent standard of living for workers. Additionally, there are social security programs in place to provide financial support during times of unemployment, sickness, or old age.

Workers have the right to form trade unions and engage in collective bargaining. This allows them to negotiate with employers for better wages, working conditions, and benefits. However, the effectiveness of trade unions can vary, and some sectors face challenges in organizing.

A significant portion of Pakistan’s labour force is engaged in the informal sector, where workers often lack formal contracts, social protection, and are vulnerable to exploitation.

Despite legislative measures, child labour and bonded labour continue to be prevalent issues, particularly in sectors like agriculture, brick kilns, and small industries.

Enforcement of safety regulations in workplaces remains a challenge, leading to hazardous working conditions for many employees.

Weak enforcement of labour laws and regulations is a persistent problem. This is often due to limited resources, corruption, and a lack of awareness among both employers and workers.

Efforts should be made to enhance the capacity and effectiveness of labour inspection mechanisms to ensure compliance with existing laws.

Policies and programs should be designed to formalize the informal sector, providing workers with legal protection and access to social benefits.

Increasing awareness among both employers and workers about their rights and responsibilities is crucial for creating a culture of compliance with labour laws.

While Pakistan has made progress in recognizing and protecting labour rights, there are still significant challenges to be addressed. Through concerted efforts from government, civil society, and the private sector, Pakistan can work towards ensuring fair and just working conditions for all its citizens. This not only benefits the workforce but also contributes to the overall socio-economic development of the country.

The writer is the student of Journaliam studies and can be reached at: [email protected]